LEAD
Pb
82
207.20
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d104f14
5s25p65d106s26p2
Biological significance

➤ Supports the normal functioning of the nervous and reproductive systems, immune defense organs, muscle and bone tissue.

➤ Lead circulates in the bloodstream as a highly dispersed colloid of lead phosphates and albuminates.

Excess in the body

➤ Causes the development of nervous system disorders, anemia, bone damage, and kidney dysfunction.


Deficiency in the body

-

Drugs/dose

➤ (CH3COO)2 Pb*3Н2O (plumbum acetate) - 0.25-0.5 % solution in water - inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes.

➤ Lead ointments and plasters - contain PbO.

➤ Lead water ([(CH3 COO)(OH)Pb]) is used in dermatology as an astringent, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent.

Conventional medicine

➤ Radiopaque contrast agents containing Pb are used during patient examination to generate X-ray images.

➤ Lead aprons are used as a kind of protection against X-ray radiation (2-3 mm Pb).

➤ In the dental industry for the manufacture of filling materials.

➤ Used in the treatment of dermatological diseases.


Unconventional medicine

➤ Pb compounds are widely used in homeopathic medicine.

➤ Plumbum iodatum is used for diseases of the respiratory system, such as asthma and bronchitis.

➤ Peroxide plumbum is considered a localized antimicrobial agent.


Toxic effect/antidote

➤ Enter the body through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and partially through the skin.

➤ It is classified as a cumulative poison due to the formation and accumulation of toxic compounds in the liver, kidneys and bone tissue (displaces calcium).

➤ It actively interacts with sulfide hydride (SH-) groups of proteins and enzymes.

➤ In dentistry, the location of a lead border along the edges of the gums of the oral cavity.

➤ Tetraethyl lead is a potent neurotropic poison.


➤ Antidote: unithiol, calcium sulfate

Interesting facts

➤ The most ductile metal in nature. Pb is stable even in 80% H₂SO₄.

➤ Easily soluble in organic acids. High corrosion resistance.

➤ The first batteries were lead-acid batteries - two lead plates in a sulphuric acid electrolyte.

➤ Pb is the first superconducting metal (it does not resist electric current).

➤ Pb(C2H5)6 is an automotive fuel detonator.

➤ Pb protects against gamma rays.

➤ A 15-20 cm layer of Pb protects people from any radiation exposure.

➤ The amount of the isotope 208Pb is used to determine the age of ancient minerals.

➤ Rhinestones are tinted with Pb and potash K2CO3.

➤ Lead whitewash 2PbSO3 * Pb(OH)2 was prepared 3 thousand years ago.

➤ Suric Pb3O4 - bright red.

➤ Pb(CH3COO)2 - lead sugar.

➤ Tetraethyl lead (TEL) is an antidetonant in automotive fuels.



© All Rights Reserved.

Made on
Tilda