Phosphorus
P
15
30.974
1s22s22p63s23p3
Biological significance

➤ Contained in nucleic acids, ATP, bone and dental tissue, enzymes, maintains acid-base balance, participates in the functioning of muscle fibers and preservation of hereditary material, maintains K, Na levels.

➤ Included in the structures of brain tissue (Hensing, 1715), in bones (J. Hahn, 1769 and K. Scheele, 1791), neurons.

Excess in the body

➤ Causes nephritis, cardiovascular diseases, hyperphosphatemia,

demineralization of bone tissue, osteoporosis, anemia, leukopenia, and increases the likelihood of a heart attack.

Deficiency in the body

➤ Hypophosphatemia manifests itself in the following symptoms: osalgia, osteoporosis, rickets, increased apathy and exhaustion, amnesia, disability, limb tremors, intermittent breathing, tooth gap, and slow epidermal regeneration.

Drugs/dose

➤ C3H7CaO6P (Calcium glycerophosphate) - 0.2-0.5 g: general tonic; treatment of rickets.

➤ ​Ca2(OH)PO4 - in case of bone and dental pathology.

➤ ATP - 1% solution 1-2 r/d, enhances heart muscle contraction.

➤ ​H3PO4 and its salts are part of filling mixtures; silicophosphate, barium phosphate and zinc phosphate cements used in dentistry.

Conventional medicine

➤ Calcium phosphates are used for the treatment and prevention of calcium and phosphorus deficiency in the body, in muscular dystrophy, prolonged cardiopathy, for diagnostic examination and treatment of metastases.

Unconventional medicine

➤ Common in the form of phosphorus additives.

➤ Used in crystal therapy and homeopathy.

Toxic effect/antidote

➤ Inhalation of high concentrations of Phosphorus and its oxides affects the nervous, cardiovascular and bone systems and the musculoskeletal system.

➤ White phosphorus is extremely toxic - it causes burns on the skin, dissolves well in membrane lipids, and penetrates deeply into the body.

➤ It disrupts mineral metabolism and causes bone hypophosphatemia.


➤ Antidote: -

Interesting facts

➤ In the twelfth century, Arab chemists obtained phosphorus from urine.

➤ The human body contains 1.5 kg of phosphorus.

➤ Allotropic modifications: white or yellow phosphorus (G. Brand 1669), red (Schroeter 1847), black phosphorus (P. Bridgman 1934).

➤ PH3 is a poisonous gas with a garlic odor.

➤ Phosphonitrile chlorides - "carbohydrate-free" rubber.

Chemist Hennig Brand
on how he discovered Phosphorus


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