Selenium

Se
34
78.960
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p4
Biological significance

➤ It improves the functioning of the immune system (synthesis of antibodies) and participates in the body's defense reactions against the formation of various benign and malignant tumors.


➤ It ensures normal liver function, supports protein biosynthesis and protects against the negative effects of many toxic compounds (As, Cd, Hg, Pb).


➤ It is a part of blood cells (except for leukocytes), protein compounds, some enzymes and sex hormones (androgens, estrogens), and is also contained in the retinal layers.


➤ Activates the enhanced functioning of vitamins E (tocopherol) and C (ascorbic acid) - when interacting with Se, the effect of vitamins is enhanced, resulting in strengthened immunity, the walls of blood and lymphatic vessels become more elastic, and tissues and cells undergo repair.


➤ Light energy is converted into the energy of the electrical potential of the retina

Excess in the body

➤ Generalized body weakness is noticeable. There is a pharyngeal reflex, abdominal cramps and gastrointestinal disorders.


➤ There is a characteristic odor of garlic from the mouth. The color of the nail plates changes.


➤ Leads to respiratory disorders;


➤ Causes hypothyroidism.


➤ Inhibits redox reactions in the body.


➤ Leads to dysfunction of methionine synthesis.

Excess in the body

➤ Endemic cretinism and myxedema develop as a result of thyroid dysfunction. Dysfunction of the immune system. Causes cardiovascular diseases.


➤ Formation of metastases. Affects the central nervous system and leads to impaired sexual function.


➤ It has an inhibitory effect on the course of biochemical processes (phosphorylation, oxidation, reduction). Affects the perception of light radiation (synergistic effect of vitamin E).

Drugs/dose

➤ Se (active) - Tab. 50mcg;

➤ Na2SeO3 (Sodium selenite) - Tablet. 0.657mg;

➤ SeS (selenium sulphide) - Suspension 2%.

Conventional medicine

➤ It is used to stabilize thyroid function and strengthen immune activity.


➤ Se is considered an antioxidant.


➤ It plays an important role in the treatment of diseases of the eyeball and digestive system (liver, pancreas).

Unconventional medicine

➤ Included in Brazil nuts, sunflower seeds and flax - prevents the development of atherosclerosis. It has a positive effect on the central nervous system and has antiphlogistic properties.


➤ Sulsenic soap contains Se and S, which is used to prevent dermatological diseases.

Toxic effect/antidote

➤ All compounds containing Se are toxic.


➤ Symptoms of poisoning are characterized by cephalgia, vertigo, weakness, pharyngeal reflex, gastrointestinal disorders, and nephropathy.




➤ There is no specific antidote.



Interesting facts

➤ Se compounds with Cd are the main coloring agent for ruby glass.


➤ Se is a semiconductor used in selenium photovoltaic cells.


➤ Selenium converts light energy into electricity: it is used in solar cells.


➤ The autumn aster flower accumulates Se.


➤ Excess Se in the soil causes the disease alkolosis in animals (hair loss, deformation of skin derivatives - horns and hooves).

Chemist Jonas Jakob Barzelis
on how he discovered Selenium


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