Silicon
Si
14
28.086
1s 22s 22p 63s 23p2
Biological significance

➤ It is localized in bone, epithelial and connective tissues.

➤ The role of Silicon includes participation in the synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans.

➤ Provides for the creation and regulation of epithelial and connective tissues, maintains their strength and elasticity, pancreatic secretion, prevents lipids from entering the bloodstream and being deposited on the walls of blood vessels, regulates lipid metabolism and promotes collagen synthesis in tooth enamel.

➤ The concentration of Silicon in the human body decreases with age.

Excess in the body

➤ Hypersilicosis of the body causes urolithiasis, pulmonary silicosis, pulmonary fibrosis, autoimmune diseases, and accelerates membrane lipid peroxidation.

Deficiency in the body

➤ Metabolism is disrupted, nail plate desquamation occurs, problems with hair and bone tissue appear, and it leads to a decrease in immune activity.

Drugs/dose

​​➤ Polysorb (atoxyl) has a strong adsorption effect on microorganisms.

​​➤ Polymethylsiloxane is an organosilicon sorbent that adsorbs toxins in the oral cavity.

​​➤ Silicate cements for filling: 83% aluminosilicate glass, up to 15% fluorine compounds, H3PO4 , etc.

➤ Chromium-nickel steel with a silicon content of 2.5% is used in orthopaedic practice.

Conventional medicine

➤ Silicon compounds are found in ointments and creams used to treat dermatitis.

➤ Silicones are used in plastic surgery.

➤ Silicone plastics are widely used as structural materials for implants.


Unconventional medicine

➤ White clay rock was used to treat dermatoses, respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, and uremia.

Toxic effect/antidote

➤ Interaction with water-insoluble SiO2 particles destroys phagocytes and damages the tissues of the respiratory system (lungs).

➤ Inhalation of high concentrations of dust containing silicon-containing materials causes a respiratory disease called silicosis.

Interesting facts

➤ The mass of the Earth's crust contains 27.6% Si;

➤ The Stone Age is the age of silicon tools;

➤ SiO2 has a polymeric structure (SiO2)n - organic silicon;

➤ SiO2 is sand, rock crystal, silica;

➤ High-purity silicon is a semiconductor;

➤ Purple amethyst is a rock crystal with Mn

.➤ Liquid glass: Na2SiO3 + K2SiO3;

➤ Rubber works in the range from -80°C to +260°C;

Chemist Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
on how he discovered Silicium


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