➤ There is a high probability of formation of persistent compounds that can accumulate in the body and have toxic effects.

➤Th salts are hydrolyzed in the stomach to form insoluble hydroxide and are excreted from the body.

➤ Ingestion of thorium drugs for the treatment of the liver and spleen (thorotrast) causes diseases of the circulatory system and leads to tumors.

➤ Th injections precipitate a protein that clogs capillaries.

➤ Concentration in bone tissue leads to long-term exposure.

➤ Excessive amounts can cause carcinomas, disruption of the chemical structure of DNA and pathologies due to ionizing radiation.

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➤ It is used in radioisotope diagnostic examinations and etiotropic treatment of diseases.

➤ Characteristic antibacterial effect in dental practice.

➤ Thorium dioxide is used in medical radiology as an X-ray contrast agent.

➤ Causes pharyngeal reflex, vertigo, and respiratory tract oncopathology.

➤ One of Th's isotopes, mesothorium, is mainly localized in bone tissue (paint and varnish workers received 10 mg of mesothorium per year).

➤ Antidote: Symptomatic therapy.

➤ Thorium is used in nuclear power as a raw material for primary nuclear fuel.

➤ Th is not resistant to corrosion.

➤ Th significantly increases the resistance of alloys for jet aircraft, missiles, etc.

➤ The mineral thorianite (Th, U)O₂ contains up to 93% ThO₂ .

➤ Th has a half-life of 13.9 billion years. Most Th isotopes live for several days to milliseconds.

➤ Th isotopes can be used to determine the geological age (Pt).

➤ In the early 70s, several hundred kilograms of thorium were consumed in nuclear reactors, and in 1975 - 50 tonnes

➤ Thorium hydride has the composition Th₄H₁₅ .